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Paper 2
Networks and Protocols
Both
Devices communicate using clear network rules and hardware.
Key Facts
- MAC addresses identify devices on a LAN.
- IP addresses identify devices on a network.
- DNS turns domain names into IP addresses.
- Packets contain header, payload, and trailer data.
Topics Covered
Network Types
What you need to know
- •LANs cover small areas; WANs cover large areas.
- •Understand client-server vs peer-to-peer networks.
Exam Tips
- Use examples like school networks vs the internet.
Hardware
What you need to know
- •Switches use MAC addresses to direct data.
- •Routers connect networks and use IP addresses.
Exam Tips
- Link each device to its role in data delivery.
Protocols and Layers
What you need to know
- •Protocols define rules for data transfer.
- •Know HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, and IMAP.
Exam Tips
- Explain why HTTPS is more secure than HTTP.
Network Security
What you need to know
- •Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic.
- •Use authentication and encryption to protect data.
Exam Tips
- Explain how access levels reduce risk.
Key Terms
protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices.
router
A device that forwards data between networks.
switch
A device that forwards data within a LAN.
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Common Exam Questions
Explain how a switch reduces network collisions.
3 marksmediumPaper 2
Model Answer
A switch sends data only to the intended device, reducing unnecessary traffic.
What examiners want to see
- ✓Directed traffic
- ✓Reduced collisions
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