AQA 8145
History
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Germany, 1890-1945
Paper 1 • Both
Key Facts
- Treaty of Versailles (1919): war guilt, £6.6bn reparations, army limited to 100,000.
- Article 48 allowed the President to rule by decree in emergencies.
- The Enabling Act 1933 gave Hitler law-making powers without the Reichstag.
- Night of the Long Knives (June 1934) removed SA leadership and secured army support.
- Nuremberg Laws (1935) banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews.
Subtopics
Germany and the Growth of DemocracyWeimar Republic 1918-1923Golden Years 1924-1929Rise of Hitler and Nazi PartyNazi Dictatorship 1933-1939Life in Nazi Germany
Conflict and Tension, 1918-1939
Paper 1 • Both
Key Facts
- Treaty of Versailles (1919): £6.6bn reparations, army limited to 100,000, war guilt.
- League lacked USA, had no army, and required unanimous decisions.
- Manchuria (1931) and Abyssinia (1935) showed League was powerless.
- Munich Agreement (1938) gave Sudetenland to Hitler to avoid war.
- Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 1939) removed threat of two-front war for Germany.
Subtopics
Treaty of Versailles 1919League of Nations Structure and AimsLeague Failures: Manchuria and AbyssiniaHitler's Foreign Policy and AggressionAppeasement PolicyThe Road to War 1939
Elizabethan England, 1568-1603
Paper 2 • Both
Key Facts
- Elizabeth became Supreme Governor, not Supreme Head (compromise).
- Mary, Queen of Scots executed 1587 after Babington Plot.
- Spanish Armada defeated 1588 through tactics and weather.
- 1601 Poor Law created organized parish-based poor relief system.
- Great Chain of Being reinforced social hierarchy and obedience.
Subtopics
What Elizabeth Inherited (1558)Government: How Elizabeth RuledReligious Settlement (1559)Mary, Queen of Scots and Catholic PlotsSpain and the ArmadaSociety and the EconomyExploration and the "Sea Dogs"
Britain: Health and the People, c.1250-present
Paper 2 • Both
Key Facts
- Four Humours theory dominated medieval medicine for over 1000 years.
- Black Death (1348) killed 30-40% of England's population.
- Vesalius (1543) corrected Galen's errors using human dissection.
- Jenner developed smallpox vaccine in 1796 using cowpox.
- Pasteur proved germ theory in 1861; Koch identified bacteria for TB and cholera in 1880s.
- + 3 more facts
Subtopics
Medieval Medicine c.1250-1500Renaissance and 17th Century c.1500-170018th and Early 19th Century c.1700-1850Germ Theory and Public Health c.1850-1900Modern Medicine c.1900-present