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Paper 1
Coastal Landscapes
Both
Use feature sequences in your answers.
Key Facts
- Longshore drift moves sediment along the coast.
- Spits form where the coastline changes direction.
- Hard engineering can cause downdrift erosion.
- Soft engineering is cheaper but needs maintenance.
Topics Covered
Coastal Erosion
What you need to know
- •Hydraulic action and abrasion erode cliffs.
Exam Tips
- Use feature sequence: headland to stack.
Coastal Management
What you need to know
- •Hard: sea walls, groynes. Soft: beach nourishment, managed retreat.
Exam Tips
- Include costs and visual impact.
Key Terms
Longshore drift
Zigzag movement of sediment along a coast.
Groyne
Barrier that traps sediment on a beach.
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Common Exam Questions
Explain how a stack forms.
4 marksmediumPaper 1
Model Answer
Waves erode a headland to a cave, then an arch. The arch collapses, leaving a stack.
What examiners want to see
- ✓Sequential description with correct terms.
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